Many\u00a0 people\u00a0 suffer\u00a0 from\u00a0 tooth\u00a0 loss\u00a0 all\u00a0 over\u00a0 the\u00a0 world\u00a0 due\u00a0 to\u00a0 numerous\u00a0 causes\u00a0 such\u00a0 as\u00a0 tooth\u00a0 decay, periodontal disease, or even injuries. Throughout history some solutions were presented to manage these problems, they date back to approximately 2500 BC when ancient Egyptians used a ligature wire of gold in order to stabilize their teeth. Sometime around 500 BC,\u00a0 oxen teeth\u00a0 \u00a0 were\u00a0 used\u00a0 \u00a0in\u00a0 replacement\u00a0 of\u00a0 \u00a0 real\u00a0 teeth\u00a0 by\u00a0 Etruscans\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0and in 300\u00a0 AD , innovative\u00a0 \u00a0Phoenicians\u00a0 used\u00a0 ivory carved teeth stabilized by gold wire to create a fixed bridge.<\/p>\n
However, the first evidence of dental\u00a0 implants\u00a0 throughout\u00a0 history\u00a0 dates\u00a0 back\u00a0 to 600 AD\u00a0 when\u00a0 Mayan\u00a0 women used tooth\u2010like\u00a0 pieces\u00a0 \u00a0of shell,\u00a0 hammered\u00a0 into\u00a0 their\u00a0 jaw\u00a0 as\u00a0 a\u00a0 substitution\u00a0 of\u00a0 their\u00a0 lost\u00a0 teeth.\u00a0 Radiographs taken\u00a0 in the 1970\u00b4s of Mayan\u00a0 mandibles\u00a0 are\u00a0 quite\u00a0 fascinating\u00a0 \u00a0as\u00a0 they\u00a0 reveal\u00a0 compact\u00a0 bone\u00a0 formation\u00a0 around\u00a0 \u00a0 the implants\u2010 bone surface similar to blade implants. Furthermore, around 800 AD, during the early Honduran culture the first stone implant was prepared and placed in a mandible.<\/p>\n
But what is a dental implant?<\/b><\/p>\n
Doctors at the Glasgow Dental Hospital and School define dental implants as \u201cinert, alloplastic materials embedded\u00a0 \u00a0 in the maxilla\u00a0 and\/or\u00a0 mandible\u00a0 for the\u00a0 management of tooth loss and to aid\u00a0 \u00a0 replacement of lost orofacial\u00a0 structures as a result of trauma, neoplasia or congenital\u00a0 defects.\u201d<\/p>\n
In\u00a0 the\u00a0 middle\u00a0 of\u00a0 the\u00a0 1600\u00b4s in Europe,\u00a0 \u00a0periodontal\u00a0 compromised\u00a0 teeth\u00a0 were\u00a0 stabilized\u00a0 with\u00a0 various substances while\u00a0 in\u00a0 the 1700\u2019s,\u00a0 Dr. Hunter, who\u00a0 for\u00a0 many\u00a0 \u00a0 years\u00a0 had\u00a0 observed\u00a0 and\u00a0 documented\u00a0 the anatomy\u00a0 \u00a0 of\u00a0 the\u00a0 mouth\u00a0 and\u00a0 jaw\u00a0 on\u00a0 corps,\u00a0 suggested\u00a0 transplanting\u00a0 teeth\u00a0 from\u00a0 one\u00a0 human\u00a0 to\u00a0 another.\u00a0 He achieved\u00a0 his\u00a0 goal by with the\u00a0 implantation\u00a0 of\u00a0 an\u00a0 incompletely\u00a0 developed\u00a0 tooth\u00a0 into\u00a0 the\u00a0 comb\u00a0 of\u00a0 a\u00a0 rooster\u00a0 as he\u00a0 observed\u00a0 that\u00a0 the\u00a0 tooth\u00a0 firmly\u00a0 embedded\u00a0 into\u00a0 the\u00a0 comb.\u00a0 His study\u00a0 was\u00a0 later\u00a0 continued by J.\u00a0 \u00a0Maggiolo\u00a0 as\u00a0 he\u00a0 inserted\u00a0 a\u00a0 gold\u00a0 implant\u00a0 tube\u00a0 into\u00a0 a\u00a0 fresh extraction\u00a0 site.\u00a0 However,\u00a0 as\u00a0 the\u00a0 site\u00a0 was allowed\u00a0 to\u00a0 heal\u00a0 and\u00a0 the\u00a0 crown\u00a0 was\u00a0 added,\u00a0 extensive\u00a0 inflammation\u00a0 of\u00a0 gingiva\u00a0 was\u00a0 observed.\u00a0 \u00a0During\u00a0 this time diverse substances were used as implants, for instance; silver capsules, corrugated porcelain, and iridium tubes. Discoveries in the field of dental implantology continued by Dr. EJ Greenfield, Drs. Alvin and Moses Strock. These brothers were acknowledged for their work in selecting a biocompatible metal to be used in the human dentition, as well as suggesting an orthopedic screw fixture as an implant. Their model was later\u00a0 enhanced\u00a0 by\u00a0 Dr.\u00a0 P. B.\u00a0 Adams, Formigginin,\u00a0 Zepponi\u00a0 and\u00a0 Dr.\u00a0 Perron\u00a0 Andres.\u00a0 Further\u00a0 on,\u00a0 Dr.\u00a0 Raphael Chercheve\u00a0 eased\u00a0 the\u00a0 insertion by\u00a0 creating\u00a0 burs\u00a0 with a\u00a0 spiral\u00a0 design\u00a0 of\u00a0 the\u00a0 implant.\u00a0 Dahl\u00a0 developed\u00a0 sub\u00a0 periosteal (on\u00a0 the\u00a0 bone)\u00a0 implant\u00a0 in\u00a0 the\u00a0 \u00a01940\u2019s.\u00a0 His\u00a0 work\u00a0 was\u00a0 carried\u00a0 on\u00a0 and further researched by Gershkoff, Goldberg, Weinberg, Lew, Bausch, and Berman. Eventually in 1978 the most\u00a0 well\u00a0 maintained\u00a0 dental\u00a0 implants\u00a0 were\u00a0 \u00a0 presented\u00a0 by\u00a0 Dr.\u00a0 P.\u00a0 Br\u00e5nemark\u00a0 using\u00a0 pure\u00a0 titanium screws as\u00a0 he\u00a0 discovered\u00a0 that\u00a0 the\u00a0 bone\u00a0 actually\u00a0 bonds\u00a0 to\u00a0 the\u00a0 titanium\u00a0 surfaces.\u00a0 The concept\u00a0 of \u201cOsseointegration\u201d, was\u00a0 introduced\u00a0 as\u00a0 he\u00a0 observed\u00a0 that\u00a0 a\u00a0 piece\u00a0 of\u00a0 titanium\u00a0 embedded\u00a0 in rabbit\u00a0 bone\u00a0 became\u00a0 firmly\u00a0 anchored\u00a0 and\u00a0 difficult\u00a0 to\u00a0 remove.\u00a0 By\u00a0 observing\u00a0 the\u00a0 bone\u00a0 for\u00a0 over\u00a0 a\u00a0 year, Br\u00e5nemark did not observe any inflammation of the\u00a0 bone attaching\u00a0 to\u00a0 the\u00a0 titanium.\u00a0 To\u00a0 further\u00a0 explain\u00a0 the\u00a0 term \u201cOsseointegration\u201d, we\u00a0 can\u00a0 rely\u00a0 on\u00a0 the definition presented by Br\u00e5nemark himself in his papers. \u201cIntraosseous Anchorage of Dental Prostheses Experimental Studies\u201d and \u201cOsseointegrated Titanium Implants and Requirements for Ensuring a Long\u2010Lasting Direct Bone\u2010to\u2010Implant Anchorage in Man\u201d. After endosseous implant fixtures are surgically inserted into bone, the\u00a0 process\u00a0 of\u00a0 osseointegration\u00a0 begins.\u00a0 Osseointegration\u00a0 is considered\u00a0 a\u00a0 direct,\u00a0 structural and functional connection between organized vital bone and the surface of a titanium implant, capable of\u00a0 bearing\u00a0 the\u00a0 functional\u00a0 load.\u00a0 This is possible\u00a0 as\u00a0 the\u00a0 titanium\u00a0 surface\u00a0 oxide\u00a0 layer (mainly\u00a0 titanium dioxide) is biocompatible, reactive and spontaneously forms calcium\u2010phosphate apatite. Furthermore, the\u00a0 titanium\u00a0 oxide\u00a0 surface\u00a0 of\u00a0 implants\u00a0 achieves\u00a0 a\u00a0 union\u00a0 with\u00a0 the\u00a0 superficial\u00a0 gingivae restricting\u00a0 \u00a0 the ingress of oral microorganisms.<\/p>\n
The most\u00a0 common\u00a0 type\u00a0 of\u00a0 dental\u00a0 implant\u00a0 nowadays\u00a0 is\u00a0 \u201cEndosseus\u201d\u00a0 which\u00a0 is\u00a0 basically\u00a0 a screw\u00a0 or cylinder\u2010shaped discrete implant unit placed in a drilled space within dent alveolar or basal bone. Common substances used as implants are commercially pure titanium or titanium alloy but it is worth-noting\u00a0 that alternatives\u00a0 such\u00a0 as\u00a0 ceramics\u00a0 including\u00a0 aluminum\u00a0 oxide, gold, nickel and chrome\u00a0 vanadium\u00a0 were\u00a0 used\u00a0 as\u00a0 well.\u00a0 \u00a0 Generally,\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0endosseous\u00a0 implant\u2019s\u00a0 coating\u00a0 comprises\u00a0 of\u00a0 plasma\u2010sprayed titanium or a layer of hydroxyl apatite to enhance early osseointegration.\u00a0 Annually one million endosseous dental implants are placed worldwide thanks to Br\u00e5nemark\u2019s discovery. The ITI\u2010sprayed implant, the Stryker implant, the IMZ implant and the Core\u2010Vent implant were introduced after the Br\u00e5nemark implant, but never matched the level of osseointegration needed in a longlasting stable result. Most common brands of dental endosseous implants are sold and manufactured by companies such as Camlog, MIS, Anthogyr, Straumann, Noble Biocare, Biohorizons, Astra Tech, 3i and Zimmer, just to name a few.\u00a0 Worldwide, more than 300 different brands of implants are commercialized.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Many\u00a0 people\u00a0 suffer\u00a0 from\u00a0 tooth\u00a0 loss\u00a0 all\u00a0 over\u00a0 the\u00a0 world\u00a0 due\u00a0 to\u00a0 numerous\u00a0 causes\u00a0 such\u00a0 as\u00a0 tooth\u00a0 decay, periodontal disease, or even injuries. Throughout history some solutions were presented to manage these problems, they date back to approximately 2500 BC when ancient Egyptians used a ligature wire of gold in order to stabilize their teeth. […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":517,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-362","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dental-implants"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/algarvedentalimplants.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/362","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/algarvedentalimplants.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/algarvedentalimplants.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/algarvedentalimplants.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/algarvedentalimplants.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=362"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/algarvedentalimplants.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/362\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/algarvedentalimplants.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/algarvedentalimplants.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=362"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/algarvedentalimplants.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=362"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/algarvedentalimplants.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=362"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}